Introducción a la Coloproctología (Ingles) Cancer Colorectal


Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. An average-risk individualhas a 5% lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer. It has long been established that detection of the diseasewhen localized is associated with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. Also, evidence has accumulated tosupport the concept that almost all colorectal cancers develop from benign adenomas and that, in most cases,this process is slow, requiring an average of 10 years.

However, because screening involves the exposure of healthy asymptomatic individuals to tests with the potential for physical and psychological injury and imposes a financial burden on society, the decision to promote screening requires scientific evidence that mortality can be reduced relatively safely and costeffectively.
Information extrapolated from symptomatic populations is not sufficient because of the possible
influence of lead-time and length-time bias. In addition, the determination of whom to screen, how to screen, and how often to screen requires a complex integration of an individual's level of risk, the performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity), the safety and cost of the screening options, and the natural history and prevalence of the target lesions (adenomas and carcinomas).  

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