Prognostic factors of left colectomy surgery for colon cancer at academic medical centers: 10 years experience

Prognostic factors of left colectomy surgery for colon cancer at academic medical centers: 10 years’ experience

Nahas, S.C., Nahas, C.S., Bustamante-Lopez, L.A., Pinto, R.A., Campos, F.G., Cecconello, I.
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, São Paulo, Brazil

Introduction: Colon cancer is among the most common neoplastic diseases in Western countries. In Brazil, it is the leading cause of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors from surgery on left colon cancer patients operated in a period of 10 years in academic services.

Methods: We evaluated the results of surgical treatment of patients with left colon cancer treated in our service from 2002 to 2012. Data were collected retrospectively from a prospectively collected database. We excluded patients with incomplete data, synchronous cancers and benign disease. Demographic factors (gender and age), tumor factors (site, T stage, N stage, M stage, histological type and tumor differentiation), and lymph node yield were extracted to identify those associated with lower overall survival. Mean overall survival time was estimated according to the characteristics of interest using the Kaplan–Meier function. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confi dence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by bivariate Cox regression.

Results: A total of 173 patients underwent left colectomy. Males predominated at 50.9%. The mean age was 60.8 (22–87) years. Tumors were located at the sigmoid colon in 72.8%. The mean length of hospital
stay was 16.9 days; 41.6% had lymph-node involvement, 64.2% were stage T3. The average number of dissected lymph nodes per patient was 23. T stage and fi nal stage was associated with lower overall survival (P = 0.023 and P < 0.001 respectively). Patients with stage III or IV had a 3.33 times higher risk of death independently of other characteristics of the patient. Lymph-node involvement and distant metastasis were associated with lower survival time (P < 0.001). Lymph-node involvement (OR = 3.8) and stage IV (OR = 3.2) were independent negative prognostic factors.

Conclusion: Left-sided colon cancer commonly presents at an advanced stage. Advanced stage is factor associated with poor long-term survival.

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